The primary pathology studied in cardiology is heart disease. This encompasses a range of conditions including coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and valvular heart diseases. Cardiologists assess and manage symptoms, conduct diagnostic tests, and create treatment plans. Risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and lifestyle choices significantly contribute to these diseases. Early detection and intervention are critical in improving outcomes and preventing complications. Continued research in cardiology also aims to enhance understanding of genetic factors influencing heart health and the development of new therapeutic approaches.