The scientific name for the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy is photosynthesis. This complex biochemical process allows plants to use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight. The overall equation of photosynthesis can be summarized as 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂. This process is vital not only for the growth and energy needs of the plants but also for providing oxygen and serving as the foundation of the food chain for all life on Earth.