The scientific study of animals is called **zoology**. This branch of biology focuses on the behavior, physiology, evolution, and classification of animals. Zoologists conduct research on a wide variety of animal species, exploring their interactions with each other and their environments, examining their roles in ecosystems, and studying the anatomy and genetics of different species. The knowledge gained from zoology not only enhances our understanding of biodiversity but also informs conservation efforts and helps address issues related to animal welfare, habitat destruction, and climate change.