The scientific study of the Earth and its processes is called geology. Geology encompasses the examination of the Earth's structure, composition, history, and the processes that shape its surface over time, such as erosion, volcanic activity, and tectonic movements. Geologists analyze rock formations, mineral compositions, and fossils to understand past climates and geological events. This field is crucial for understanding natural resources, assessing natural hazards, and informing land-use planning and environmental conservation. Geology also intersects with other scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, and environmental science, to provide a comprehensive understanding of our planet.