The study of ancient civilizations is called archaeology. This field involves the scientific analysis of material remains from past societies, including artifacts, structures, and cultural landscapes. Archaeologists aim to understand human behavior, social organization, and cultural practices through systematic excavation and study of historical sites. By examining whatever is left behind, such as tools, pottery, and ruins, they can reconstruct the lives of people from different eras and cultures. Understanding ancient civilizations aids in appreciating human history and the development of societies over time.