The study of butterflies and moths is called Lepidopterology. This branch of entomology focuses on the biology, classification, behavior, and ecology of these winged insects, known for their striking colors and patterns. Researchers in this field examine various aspects, such as life cycles, habitat preferences, and roles within ecosystems. Understanding butterflies and moths is crucial for biodiversity conservation, as many species serve as indicators of environmental health. The term "Lepidoptera" refers to the order that encompasses both butterflies and moths, highlighting their shared characteristics in wing structure and development.