The organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondrion. Mitochondria are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. They carry out cellular respiration, a process that converts nutrients into energy, using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Mitochondria are unique because they have their own DNA, which is inherited maternally and resembles bacterial DNA. This organelle plays a crucial role in metabolism, growth, and cell life cycle. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to various diseases, emphasizing their importance in cellular health.