Photovoltaic technology is primarily used to convert sunlight into electricity. This technology utilizes solar panels made of semiconductor materials, such as silicon. When sunlight strikes these panels, it knocks electrons loose, creating an electric current. Inverters then convert this direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) for use in homes and businesses. Solar energy systems can be grid-tied, allowing excess energy to be fed back into the electrical grid, or they can be off-grid, storing electricity in batteries for later use. Advances in photovoltaic technology continue to improve efficiency and reduce costs, making solar energy a popular choice for renewable energy.