The ancient city regarded as the birthplace of democracy is Athens, Greece. In the 5th century BCE, Athens developed a system of government that allowed citizens to participate directly in decision-making processes, laying the groundwork for democratic principles. This early form of democracy primarily included free male citizens, who could vote, speak, and hold public office. Although it had its limitations, such as excluding women and slaves, Athenian democracy has had a lasting influence on modern political systems. The city is celebrated for its contributions to philosophy, theater, and the arts, further cementing its place in history as a cultural cornerstone.