The ancient city buried by a volcanic eruption in 79 AD is Pompeii. Located near modern-day Naples, Italy, Pompeii was an affluent Roman city that experienced catastrophic destruction when Mount Vesuvius erupted, burying it under a thick blanket of ash and pumice. This sudden disaster preserved the city remarkably well, including its buildings, artifacts, and even the remains of its inhabitants. Excavations of Pompeii began in the 18th century, revealing detailed insights into Roman life, architecture, and social structure. The site has become a significant archaeological and tourist destination, offering valuable historical and cultural information about ancient Rome.