Per ferns, the main product produced is spores. Unlike flowering plants, ferns reproduce via spores instead of seeds. These spores are typically found on the underside of fern fronds in specialized structures called sporangia. When mature, the spores are released into the air and can germinate into new fern plants in suitable environments. Spores allow ferns to reproduce in diverse habitats and can travel long distances, contributing to their spread and colonization of new areas. The life cycle of ferns includes a distinct alternation between a spore-producing sporophyte generation and a gamete-producing gametophyte generation.