Earthquakes are natural disasters caused by the shifting of tectonic plates. These plates comprise the outer layer of the Earth and float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. When these tectonic plates interact at their boundaries—through movements such as collision, separation, or sliding past each other—stress builds up until it is released as seismic waves, resulting in an earthquake. The magnitude and intensity of the seismic activity can vary significantly, leading to potential destruction and loss of life, particularly in densely populated areas. Earthquake preparedness and building regulations are critical to mitigate their impacts.