Sir Isaac Newton is credited with formulating the laws of motion, which are the foundation of classical mechanics. His three laws of motion, described in his work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica," explain how objects move and interact with forces. The first law, the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. The second law addresses the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. The third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton's laws revolutionized physics and laid the groundwork for modern science.