The country that is home to the Sahara Desert is Egypt. While the Sahara spans numerous countries in North Africa, Egypt is particularly associated with its historical significance and cultural heritage tied to this vast desert. Egypt's civilization flourished along the banks of the Nile River, which runs through the desert and contributes to the agriculture and economy of the region. The Sahara's unique landscapes, such as sand dunes and rocky plateaus, shape Egypt's geography and ecological diversity.