The mountain range that forms the backbone of Italy is the Apennines. Stretching approximately 1,200 kilometers from the north to the south of the country, this range plays a vital role in Italy's geography and ecology. The Apennines are characterized by a diverse terrain that includes mountains, hills, and valleys, hosting a variety of flora and fauna. This range is significant not only for its natural beauty but also for its cultural and historical importance, as many ancient towns and cities are nestled in its foothills, contributing to Italy's rich heritage and tourism.