The type of ecosystem primarily found in the Arctic region is the tundra. Characterized by cold temperatures, a short growing season, and permafrost, tundra ecosystems support a unique range of flora and fauna. Vegetation in the tundra is primarily composed of mosses, lichens, and low shrubs. This ecosystem is vital for various species, including migratory birds, caribou, and polar bears. Changes in climate and human activities pose significant threats to the fragile Arctic tundra, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect this vital environment.