Hydration significantly affects athletic performance by regulating body temperature, maintaining electrolyte balance, and supporting optimal muscle function. Dehydration can lead to a decrease in endurance, strength, and cognitive function, which can hinder athletic performance. Proper hydration improves blood volume, enhancing oxygen delivery to muscles and reducing the risk of fatigue and cramping. Athletes should monitor their fluid intake before, during, and after exercise to stay adequately hydrated and ensure peak performance levels are maintained throughout their activities.