Hormonal changes significantly affect physical fitness in women, especially during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Hormones like estrogen and progesterone can influence energy levels, strength, and recovery times. For instance, many women experience fluctuations in energy and stamina during their menstrual cycle, which can affect workout performance. Pregnancy introduces additional hormonal shifts that may lead to structural body changes, influencing fitness routines. Furthermore, hormonal changes during menopause can affect muscle mass and fat distribution, necessitating adjustments in exercise and nutrition strategies for optimal fitness.