Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that can enhance immune function by modulating the gut microbiota. They help stimulate the production of antibodies and immune cells, including IgA and T lymphocytes, which play critical roles in the immune response. Probiotics also produce short-chain fatty acids, which contribute to the health of the gut lining and promote anti-inflammatory responses. Additionally, they can compete with pathogens for resources, thus protecting the gut from infections. Regular consumption of probiotics can lead to an overall improvement in immune health.