Vitamins and minerals play a critical role in physical performance by supporting energy metabolism and muscle function. For instance, Vitamin D helps in calcium absorption, vital for muscle contractions and growth. Electrolytes, like potassium and sodium, are necessary to maintain hydration and nerve function during exercise. Antioxidants—like vitamins C and E—aid in recovery by combating oxidative stress caused by intense workouts. A deficiency in these nutrients can lead to decreased performance, fatigue, and increased risk of injuries.