Aerobic and anaerobic exercises serve different purposes in fitness. Aerobic exercise, such as running and swimming, relies on oxygen to fuel the body over extended periods, enhancing cardiovascular endurance and promoting fat loss. These exercises improve lung capacity and heart efficiency. In contrast, anaerobic exercise includes activities like weight lifting and sprinting, which are performed in short bursts. It focuses on building muscle strength, increases lean muscle mass, and improves overall power. Understanding these differences helps individuals tailor their workout routines to achieve specific fitness goals.