Essential nutrients involved in energy metabolism include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, with vitamins and minerals playing supportive roles. Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source during physical activity by breaking down into glucose, which fuels muscle contractions. Proteins provide amino acids necessary for muscle repair and growth, while fats offer a more prolonged energy supply, especially in aerobic activities. Additionally, B vitamins and minerals like magnesium and zinc facilitate enzymatic reactions crucial for energy production. An adequate intake of these nutrients is vital for optimal metabolic function.