A caloric deficit occurs when you consume fewer calories than your body expends, often leading to weight loss. In contrast, a caloric surplus is when you consume more calories than you burn, resulting in weight gain. Understanding these terms is crucial for individuals aiming to manage their weight. Both concepts are foundational in nutrition and fitness, influencing body composition and overall health. Recognizing whether you're in a deficit or surplus can help in achieving specific health or weight-related goals.