The primary muscle group targeted by squats is the quadriceps, located in the front of the thigh. However, squats also engage several other muscle groups, including the hamstrings, glutes, and lower back muscles, making them a comprehensive lower body exercise. This compound movement is effective for building strength, power, and stability, which are essential for overall athletic performance and daily activities. Proper form in squats is crucial for maximizing benefits and minimizing injury risks.