The recommended maximum dose of caffeine for athletes is typically about 3-6 mg per kilogram of body weight, depending on individual tolerance and desired effects. This amount can enhance athletic performance by improving focus, endurance, and fatigue resistance. However, athletes should be cautious, as high doses may lead to side effects like increased heart rate, anxiety, or gastrointestinal discomfort. It's essential for athletes to assess their individual response to caffeine and adjust intake accordingly.