The scientific term for the process of inhaling and exhaling air is ventilation. Ventilation involves the movement of air in and out of the lungs, critical for gas exchange. During inhalation, oxygen-rich air enters the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is expelled during exhalation. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body, ensuring that cells receive the necessary oxygen for energy production while removing waste gases produced during cellular respiration.