The ancient Egyptians made remarkable advances in medicine and surgery, utilizing a combination of herbal remedies, surgical techniques, and practical knowledge. They established a system of medical papyri that documented various ailments, treatments, and surgical procedures. The Ebers Papyrus and the Edwin Smith Papyrus, for instance, included information about surgical practices like suturing wounds and treating fractures. Additionally, Egyptians practiced the mummification process, giving them insights into human anatomy that were advanced for their time. Their medical practices laid the groundwork for later medical understanding in the ancient world, influencing Greek and Roman medicine.