The ancient civilization that believed in a pantheon of gods and practiced human sacrifice was the Aztec civilization. Based in Mesoamerica, the Aztecs worshipped numerous deities, each representing various aspects of life, nature, and human endeavors. Their religious practices included elaborate ceremonies, rituals, and offerings, with human sacrifice being a significant component. They believed that such offerings were necessary to appease the gods and ensure cosmic order, agricultural fertility, and the continuation of the universe. The complexity and richness of Aztec religious life reflected their economic and social structures and left a profound legacy in Mesoamerican history.