The ancient civilization known for its city-states and democratic governance is the Greek civilization, particularly Athens. This civilization emerged around the 8th century BCE and established a complex political system where free male citizens could participate in direct democracy. Each city-state, or polis, had its own governance, culture, and identity, often engaging in trade, warfare, and alliances with others. The Greek city-states laid foundational concepts of political theory, influencing subsequent governance models throughout history. Their achievements in philosophy, art, and science continue to be revered, highlighting their enduring impact on Western civilization.