The ancient culture recognized for having developed a unique stone calendar is the Maya civilization. Flourishing in Mesoamerica, the Maya are renowned for their advanced understanding of astronomy and intricate calendrical systems. The Mayan calendar, consisting of cycles like the Tzolk'in and the Haab', was used to track agricultural and ceremonial events. Their sophisticated mathematical and astronomical knowledge allowed them to predict solar eclipses and celestial events accurately. The calendar reflects not only their scientific capabilities but also their deep cultural and religious beliefs. The legacy of Maya calendar systems continues to intrigue historians and archaeologists today.