A critical factor influencing the development of transportation and infrastructure during the Industrial Revolution was the advent of the steam engine. This technological innovation facilitated faster movement of goods and people, leading to the expansion of railroads and steamships. Enhanced transportation systems revolutionized trade, allowing for greater market access and the efficient movement of raw materials and finished products. Additionally, this progress spurred urbanization, as cities expanded to accommodate growing industries. The steam engine also paved the way for subsequent innovations, laying the foundation for modern transportation networks that are vital to today's economy.