Following World War II, countries faced the significant global challenge of reconstruction and rehabilitation amidst the devastation of the war. Economies were shattered, infrastructure was destroyed, and millions were displaced. The need for economic stability and social cohesion was paramount, spurring initiatives such as the Marshall Plan, which aimed to rebuild Western European economies, and the establishment of international organizations like the United Nations to promote peace and cooperation. Additionally, decolonization became a pressing issue as nations sought independence, and Cold War tensions emerged, creating geopolitical rivalries that would shape international relations and conflicts in subsequent decades.