The empire that was divided after World War I, leading to the creation of new nations, was the Ottoman Empire. Following its defeat in the war, the empire was dismantled through a series of treaties, most notably the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920. This division led to the establishment of several new states in the Middle East, Southeast Europe, and North Africa, fundamentally altering the geopolitical landscape of the region. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire paved the way for modernization and nationalistic movements, though it also sowed the seeds for future conflicts, particularly due to arbitrary borders drawn by colonial powers.