The famous document that established the framework for the U.S. government in 1787 is the United States Constitution. This foundational document created the structure of the federal government, delineating the powers of the three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. It also included the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed individual liberties and protections against governmental overreach. The Constitution's principles of checks and balances have influenced other democracies and remain a cornerstone of American law and governance, embodying the ideals of liberty, justice, and the rule of law.