The historical figure credited with the establishment of the modern welfare state in the United Kingdom is William Beveridge. In 1942, Beveridge authored the influential Beveridge Report, which outlined the need for comprehensive social reforms to address issues like poverty, unemployment, and health care following World War II. His recommendations led to the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) and various social welfare programs designed to provide a safety net for all citizens. Beveridge's vision fundamentally transformed the British social landscape, aiming to ensure that all individuals could access essential services and support throughout their lives.