The historical period that followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire is commonly referred to as the Middle Ages or Medieval period. This era, spanning roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century, saw the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the establishment of various kingdoms across Europe. It was characterized by significant social, economic, and political changes. The fall of Rome led to a decline in centralized government and trade, creating a fragmented landscape where local lords wielded power and the Catholic Church became a central authority. Thus, the Middle Ages laid the foundation for the Renaissance and the modern nation-states that followed.