The major cultural renaissance that flourished in Europe during the 15th century is known as the Renaissance. This period was characterized by a revival of classical learning and humanism, emphasizing the value of individual experience and expression. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo advanced techniques in art and architecture, while thinkers like Erasmus and Machiavelli transformed literature and political thought. The Renaissance laid the groundwork for the modern age, influencing science, philosophy, and the arts, making significant contributions to the development of Western culture.