The major political philosophy that Karl Marx developed during the 19th century is known as Marxism. Marx's ideas critique capitalism and propose a revolutionary framework for socio-economic systems. He argued that capitalism creates inherent class struggles between the bourgeoisie (capital owners) and the proletariat (working class). Marx envisioned a classless society where the means of production are communally owned. His seminal works, including "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," have had lasting influences on political theory, economics, and social movements, inspiring revolutionary movements around the world and shaping debates on capitalism and socialism.