The major technological advancement that transformed the fabric industry during the Industrial Revolution was the spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves in 1764. This multi-spindle spinning frame increased yarn production efficiency and enabled a significant reduction in labor costs. The spinning jenny allowed one worker to spin multiple spools of thread simultaneously, leading to a dramatic rise in textile output. This innovation, alongside the introduction of the power loom and other mechanized technologies, revolutionized the fabric industry, shifted textile production from homes to factories, and contributed to the overall growth of industrial economies in Europe and the United States.