The Catholic Church played a central role in the Middle Ages, influencing all aspects of life, politics, and culture in Europe. It was the primary institution through which religious authority was exercised, providing spiritual guidance, education, and social services. The Church owned vast tracts of land, which gave it significant economic power and political influence, often acting as a mediator between monarchs and the populace. Furthermore, monasteries became centers of learning and preservation of knowledge. The Church's doctrines shaped moral values and community norms, making it a pivotal player in medieval society and governance.