The significant era that began with the Industrial Revolution and transformed economies worldwide was characterized by technological advancements, urbanization, and changes in labor. Starting in the late 18th century, this period marked the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, leading to the growth of factories and mass production. Innovations like the steam engine and textile machinery revolutionized industries, significantly impacting daily life and labor practices. It resulted in profound social changes, including the rise of the working class, and laid the groundwork for modern economic systems and globalization.