The transition from the medieval to the early modern period was marked by the Renaissance, a significant cultural movement that began in Italy during the 14th century and spread throughout Europe. This era was characterized by a revival of interest in the classical arts, science, and intellectual pursuits of Ancient Greece and Rome. It emphasized humanism, which focused on human potential and achievements. Additionally, innovations in art, literature, and exploration were prominent during this period, reshaping socio-political and economic landscapes. The Renaissance set the foundation for the subsequent developments in science, philosophy, and reform that would shape the modern world.