The significant historical figure pivotal in the struggle for women’s rights in the CIA and NASA was Margaret Hamilton, an American computer scientist and software engineer. Hamilton led the software engineering division that developed the onboard flight software for NASA's Apollo program, which included landing on the Moon. Her work in the 1960s not only contributed to the success of the missions but also exemplified women's critical roles in technology and space exploration. Hamilton's achievements have inspired future generations of women in STEM fields and the ongoing fight for gender equality in the workplace.