The social reform movement that aimed to promote temperance among American citizens in the 19th century was the Temperance Movement. Its proponents argued against the consumption of alcohol, attributing it to various social problems, including crime, domestic violence, and poverty. Spearheaded by groups like the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the movement sought to reduce alcohol consumption through education and the promotion of abstinence. Ultimately, this campaign contributed to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1919, which established Prohibition, though it faced considerable backlash and was eventually repealed in 1933.