The treaty that ended the First Opium War between Britain and China was the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1842. This agreement followed the conflict primarily driven by Britain's opium trade and China's attempts to suppress it. The treaty included several key provisions, such as the cession of Hong Kong to Britain, the opening of five treaty ports to British trade, and the establishment of reparations from China to Britain. The Treaty of Nanking marked the beginning of what the Chinese referred to as the "unequal treaties" and represented significant territorial and economic concessions that favored Western powers at China’s expense.