A major result of the 1917 Russian Revolution was the establishment of the Soviet Union and the rise of Bolshevik power. The revolution led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the end of centuries of imperial rule in Russia. Following the revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, enacted profound political and social changes, including land redistribution and the nationalization of industry. This upheaval set the stage for a civil war between the Red Army (Bolsheviks) and the White Army (anti-Bolsheviks). The revolution had lasting global implications, inspiring socialist movements worldwide and contributing to the geopolitical tensions of the 20th century.