The Industrial Revolution profoundly transformed social and economic structures in Europe and America, leading to rapid urbanization and the growth of factories. This shift moved labor from agrarian settings to industrial hubs, creating a new working class and contributing to significant social changes. Economically, it promoted mass production and innovations in technology, enhancing productivity and changing trade practices. However, it also resulted in challenging living conditions for many workers, leading to labor movements and calls for reform. Consequently, the Industrial Revolution fundamentally reshaped societies, economies, and the relationship between workers and the emerging industrial powers.