The cultural impact of the Renaissance on Europe was profound, marking a period of renewed interest in classical art, literature, and humanism that began in the 14th century and continued into the 17th century. This era saw a flourishing of artistic and intellectual achievements, exemplified by figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo. The Renaissance encouraged a human-centered worldview, promoting the value of individual expression and critical thinking. It also led to innovations in literature, science, and philosophy, shifting the focus from religious to secular themes and paving the way for the modern age and the Reformation.