The historic event that profoundly changed urban design during the Industrial Revolution was the rapid urbanization process, spurred by industrialization, population growth, and migration to cities. The rise of factories and job opportunities in urban areas led to the expansion of cities, often resulting in overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure. This period saw the development of new urban planning theories, as reformers sought to improve living conditions through zoning laws, the creation of parks, and better sanitation systems. Urban design shifted towards accommodating a growing population and addressing social issues related to industrial life.