The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, had a profound impact on urbanization, leading to a massive migration from rural areas to cities. The demand for labor in factories attracted individuals seeking job opportunities, resulting in rapid population growth in urban centers. Consequently, cities faced challenges such as overcrowding, inadequate housing, and poor sanitation. The rise of industrialized cities changed social dynamics, emphasizing a working-class identity while also fostering new socioeconomic challenges, including poverty and health crises. Urbanization during this period epitomized the shift towards modernity and significantly transformed life, work, and community structures.